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COPYRIGHT, 1875, MATILDA FLETCHER. 



Practical Ethics, 



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ILLUSTRATED BY CHART. 




BY MATILDA FLETCHER 



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A. S. BARNES & COMPANY, 

NEW YORK, CHICAGO AND NEW ORLEANS. 

1875. 

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Entered according to act of Congress in the year eighteen hundred and 
seventy-five, 

By MATILDA FLETCHER, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 



PEEFAOE. 



Those who take time to examine this little volume 
will find that it is unsectarian, plain and practical, and 
therefore adapted to onr public schools. They will, also, 
agree, whatever its defects, that it does not contain a 
sentiment but what should find early lodgment in the 
memory of every child. 

The illustrations are left dependent upon the pupil's 
own research, because one example that he shall thus 
find will be worth more to him than any number fur- 
nished by another. 

The author earnestly hopes that her system of Prac- 
tical Ethics may be allowed, by parents and teachers, to 
accomplish the measure of good for which it was de- 
signed; but, whatever its fate, she most fervently com- 
mends it, and those for whom it was written, to the kind 
care of the Father of all light and wisdom. 



EEMAEKS. 



The author would respectfully suggest that this book may be used, 

Fiest — As a class-book in schools. 

Method. Young students may commit to memory the answers to 
questions and bring from their reading or any other available 
source, sufficient examples to illustrate each lesson. While those 
more advanced should not only commit the lessons, but with more 
knowledge and greater facility for research can furnish carefully 
prepared material from History, Biography, Poetry, and Observa- 
tion, to illustrate each subject, and they should be expected and re- 
quired to do this, both for the moral culture they will receive, and 
because there is no better discipline for the mind than the study of 
literature with reference to the virtues. 

Second — As a foundation for Literary Exercises for the whole 
school. 

Method. Announce the lesson a week or longer in advance of 
the specified time for the exercises, and require each pupil to pre- 
sent either a recitation, a reading, a poem, a song, or something 
from observation, to illustrate the virtue under consideration, and 
follow or precede the exercises with a general review of the Chart, 
accompanied by such oral instruction as may be deemed expedient. 

Thibd — As an outline for the teacher in presenting daily moral 
lessons to Primary schools. 

Method. At the close of the afternoon session, draw a star upon 



vi REMARKS. 



the blackboard and print therein the name of the virtue that is to 
be considered upon the following morning, and request each child 
to bring some information in regard to it. This request should be 
accompanied always by a story or other instruction upon the sub- 
ject that will awaken in the minds of the pupils an idea of what is 
expected of them. Thus, whether the children are able to con- 
tribute much or not, they will receive a moral lesson from the 
teacher both morning and evening. 

Fourth — As an outline for the use of parents in home instruc- 
tion. 

Method. Announce the lesson a week in advance and require the 
children to accumulate examples to illustrate it from reading and 
observation during the week, to be presented upon Sunday or other 
specified day or evening accompanied by a drawing of the Chart 
upon a slate or paper. 

Fifth. As a Sunday School class book. 

Method. Announce the lesson a week in advance and request 
the pupils to furnish the illustrations from the Bible, or elsewhere, 
as may be desirable or necessary. Also explain carefully the effect 
of the Light from above, as represented upon the Chart, upon the 
faculties, in the development of the moral nature, adapting it from 
Sunday to Sunday to the special virtue under consideration. 

The Chart is designed for use with each lesson, and in the absence 
of the wall Chart, should be drawn upon the blackboard in large 
outlines with the names neatly printed within the figures. 

The use of the Chart and Book, the meaning and office of each 
faculty, the relation of the fundamental virtues to each other, and 
their dependence upon Love, should constitute a general exercise 
before each regular recitation. 



doX^XW 



DIVISION I. 

CHAPTER I— Purpose of Book 8 

CHAPTER II— Love 6 

CHAPTER III— Conscience 10 

CHAPTER IV— Reflection . . 13 

CHAPTER V— Will 15 



DIVISION II. 

CHAPTER I— Industry 21 

CHAPTER II— Health 25 

CHAPTER III— Ambition 28 

CHAPTER IV— ENERGY 31 

CHAPTER V— Order 34 

CHAPTER VI— Patience 38 

CHAPTER VII— Economy 41 

CHAPTER VIII— SELF-DENIAL 45 

CHAPTER IX— Punctuality 48 

CHAPTER X— Prudence 51 



DIVISION III. 

CHAPTER I— Hope 55 

CHAPTER II— Perseverance ... 59 

CHAPTER III— Cheerfulness 61 



viii CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV— Fortitude 64 

CHAPTER V— Self-Possession 66 

CHAPTER VI— Self-reliance 69 

CHAPTER VII— Contentment 72 

CHAPTER VIII— Moral Courage 75 

CHAPTER IX— Mental Courage 78 

CHAPTER X— Physical Courage 81 



DIVISION IV. 

CHAPTER I— Purity 85 

CHAPTER II— Cleanliness 89 

CHAPTER III— Temperance 93 

CHAPTER IV— Chastity 98 

CHAPTER V— Peace 101 

CHAPTER VI— Politeness 105 

CHAPTER VII— Justice 108 

CHAPTER VIII— Honesty Ill 

CHAPTER IX— Truth 114 

CHAPTER X— Magnanimity 118 



DIVISION V. 

CHAPTER I— Fidelity . • • • 123 

CHAPTER II— Self-Respect 126 

CHAPTER III— Conjugal Vows 129 

CHAPTER IV— Parental Love 133 

CHAPTER V— Filial Love 136 

CHAPTER VI— Fraternal Love 139 

CHAPTER VII— Friendship 142 

CHAPTER VIII— Patriotism 145 

CHAPTER IX— Philanthropy 150 

CHAPTER X— Duty 153 



f^Scftfid&it ii¥&id& 



DIVISION I. 



PURPOSE OF BOOK— LOVE— CONSCIENCE- 
REFLECTION— WILL. 



f)IVI$IOj\f I. 



CHAPTER I. 



PURPOSE OF BOOK. 

What is the purpose of this book ? 

To teach us to be good, and useful, and happy. 

How may this be accomplished? 

By cultivating good qualities, and overcoming bad 
ones. 

What faculties are necessary to awaken, develope and perfect the 
virtues, or good elements of the soul ? 

Love, Reflection, Conscience and Will. 

What are the fundamental or principal virtues? 

Industry, Hope, Purity, Fidelity. 



PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



How are the good qualities represented upon the Chart? 

By light 

Why are the faculties and qualities that compose the moral nature 
represented by light? 

They constitute the natural light, guide, or inspira- 
tion of the soul. 

Without these, what would be the condition of humanity? 

Brutal and Savage. 

Why is the Chart in the form of a heart? 

It is customary to speak of the moral nature as 
the Heart. 

Give examples? 

A person who is pure, is pure-hearted ; one who 
has Courage, is brave-hearted ; one who has Fidelity, 
true-hearted, &c. 

What then are you to consider this Chart ? 

A representation of the moral nature of a human 
being. 

When is it necessary to begin the study of our moral nature ? 

As early in life as we can understand the differ- 
ence between right and wrong. 

How long shall we continue this study? 

As long as we live. 



PURPOSE OF BOOK. 



How may we improve ? 

By adopting a regular plan of right thought and 
action, and educating the Will to follow it. 

Has any person ever done this ? 

Many people have. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER II. 



LOVE. 



How is Love represented upon the Chart? 

By the Sun. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Love is the great central light of the soul, about 
which all the virtues revolve. 

What do you mean by virtues? 

The good principles of the soul. 

Why do you say that the virtues revolve about Love? 

The good elements of the soul are dependent 
upon Love, They are vivified and controlled by its 
power and beneficence. 

How is Love divided? 

Into Love of God and Love of Humanity. 



LOVE. 7 

How is God represented upon the Chart? 

By a light from above. 

Why is He thus represented? 

The knowledge of God is the purest light that the 
soul can receive, and the highest attainment possible 
to it. 

What is the Love of God called? 

Religion. 

Where do we learn this ? 

At home, and at church. 

What emotions are common to a loving heart? 

Gratitude, Kindness, Sympathy, Charity, Pity, 
and Mercy. 

What is Gratitude? 

A loving, generous, and thankful feeling. 

What is Kindness? 

A gentle, helpful feeling toward others. 

What is Sympathy? 

A tender, earnest kindness that yearns to remove 
others' burdens and sorrows. 



PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



What is Charity? 

A broad, generous love that is willing to believe 
all things, to hope all things in favor of others, and 
to endure all things that they may be happy. 

What is Pity? 

A tender sympathy, and sorrow for the miserable. 

What is Mercy? 

It is tenderness of heart toward an offender, 
treating him better than he deserves. 

Which of these emotions is proper toward God ? 

Gratitude. 

Which toward Humanity? 

Gratitude toward those who are kind, Sympathy, 
Charity, and Kindness toward all people, Pity 
toward the wretched and unfortunate, and Mercy 
toward the wicked. 

What is the result if people lack these qualities ? 

They are unkind, ungrateful, and cruel in disposi- 
tion. 

Can such people be happy, or make others happy? 

They cannot. 

Can such people be good? 

No, their whole character becomes evil. 



LOVE. 



What then is necessary, if you would avoid this unlovely, unhappy 
disposition ? 

We must continually try to cultivate gentle, lov- 
ing thoughts, words and acts. 

What faculties must you use to do this ? 

Reflection, Will and Conscience. 

Do people who are naturally ill-tempered, ungrateful, and unloving, 
ever succeed in becoming loving and kind ? 

They do? 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



io PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER III. 



CONSCIENCE, 



How is Conscience represented upon the Chart ? 

By an eye. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Conscience is that power of the mind that sees 
what is right and what is wrong. 

What, besides an eye, may represent Conscience ? 

The voice, as Conscience, not only sees what is 
right, but it approves a right action, and accuses 
and condemns us continually when we do wrong. 

What is necessary to enable Conscience to act ? 

Reflection and Will. 

What effect does Reflection have upon Conscience ? 

It illuminates it with all the light or knowledge 
that comes to the soul. 



CONSCIENCE. n 



Should people act and live as Conscience dictates ? 

They should. 

What is the effect if we do that which Conscience tells us is wrong ? 

We cannot respect ourselves and be happy. 

Is that the only personal effect of wrong doing ? 

It sometimes oppresses the Conscience so much 
that the guilty person feels that everyone suspects 
him, and is ready to denounce him. 

What is that feeling called that Conscience awakens in the guilty? 

Remorse. 

What is the extreme effect of Remorse? 

It forces the person to insanity, and suicide, or to 
confession, even though he knows that this will bring 
the punishment of death for the crime. 

What, besides Reflection, is necessary to enable us to do that, and 
that only, which Conscience approves? 

The Will. 

How must the Will act ? 

The Will must instantly and always decide to act in 
harmony with Conscience. 

Can Conscience accomplish anything good without the help of the 
Will? 

No. The Will must co-operate continually, to bring 



ii PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

all the faculties and emotions of the soul, and all the 
acts of the body into harmony with Conscience. 

Is it easy to understand and heed Conscience ? 

It is for those who are taught to do so early in 
life. 

If people will not heed Conscience early in life, is it possible for 
them to do so when they are uiQer ? 

It is possible, but far more difficult. 

What are the special effects of Conscience ? 

Its approval inspires Courage, and imparts satisfac- 
tion and joy; its disapproval excites fear, pain and 
despair. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



REFLECTION. tj 



CHAPTER IV. 



REFLECTION, 



What is Reflection? 

Thought. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By the Moon. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

The Moon receives and reflects its light from the 
sun, and Thought, Reason, or Reflection receives and 
reflects all light or knowledge that comes to the soul 
from whatever source, faculty, or emotion. 

How does Thought act upon the body ? 

Through the brain and nerves. 

By what faculty does it act ? 

The Will. 



i 4 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

How is Thought divided ? 

Into good and bad. 

Should we encourage both ? 

We should love and cherish- good, and reject and 
despise bad Thoughts. 

What is it that sees which are good Thoughts? 

Conscience. 

What enables us to cherish good Thoughts and despise bad ones? 

The Will. 

How shall we acquire the power of right thinking and just conclu- 
sions? 

By studying our tendencies and checking the 
least impulse toward wrong, and carefully reviewing 
the experience of others in self-improvement. 

Do people ever follow this plan for learning and perfecting their 
own nature ? 

They do. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



WILL. 15 



CHAPTER V. 



WILL. 



How is Will represented upon the Chart? 

By a large star. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

A pure unperverted Will is a great source of light 
and strength to the soul. 

Where is Will located upon the Chart? 

At the lowest point. 

Why is it thus represented? 

The Will should act under the direction of Con- 
science, and also as a servant or helper to every good 
element of the soul. 

What is the Will ? 

It is that force of mind that compels or restrains 
action. 



16 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Do you mean action of body, or of mind ? 

Of both. 

Cannot the mind act unless the Will allows it to do so? 

It can. It has both voluntary and involuntary 
action. 

What is involuntary action of the mind ? 

It is Thought that comes and goes without the 
Will determining that it shall. 

What is voluntary action ? 

It is the mind determining to think upon a certain 
subject, or to act through the body for a certain 
purpose. 

How may Will affect involuntary thought? 

It may restrain or encourage it. 

How does Will affect voluntary thought? 

It induces and co-operates with it. 

Could there be voluntary thought and action without the Will ? 

There could not. The Will produces or calls into 
action all voluntary thoughts and deeds. 

What is necessary to the proper action of the Will? 

Conscience. 



WILL, 17 



Should Conscience ever yield to the Will? 

Never. 

What relation should Will bear to Conscience ? 

That of a servant, ever ready to do its bidding. 

If this is reversed and Will becomes the controlling power of the 
soul without regard to Conscience, what is the result? 

A headstrong wickedness takes the place of the 
good elements and blinds and perverts Conscience. 

If the Will is part of the time in harmony with Conscience, and 
part of the time in opposition, what is the effect upon the 
Character? 

It is inconsistent, vacillating and unworthy of 
respect. 

What is the office of a pure good Will ? 

It is that of a guardian angel, or principle that 
compels every thought and act to harmonize with 
Conscience, thus moulding the whole being to noble 
untiring energy. 

Do people ever succeed in exemplifying this high and perfect har- 
mony of the Will and Conscience ? 

They do. 
Give examples from Poetry* Biography, Observation. 



S^SdVidSit s^Sidg, 



DIVISION II. 



INDUSTRY— HEALTH— AMBITION— ENERGY-ORDER- 
PATIENCE— ECONOMY— SELF-DENIAL- 
PUNCTUALITY— PRUDENCE. 



©iyiftioff il 

CHAPTER I. 

INDUSTRY. 
What is Industry ? 

Labor, useful activity. 

How is Purity dependent upon Industry? 

Purity includes cleanliness and other qualities 
that require Industry for their existence. 

In what way does Industry assist Fidelity? 

Activity and Energy are necessary to enable us to 
be faithful to friends, country, duty, self or object. 

In what way is Hope dependent upon Industry ? 

Hope would be fruitless without the co-operation 
of Industry to render successful its plans. 



22 PRACTICAL El'HICS. 

Is Industry conducive to happiness and prosperity ? 

It is the foundation of every comfort and luxury 
of life. 

What would the world be without Industry? 

The earth would be a wilderness and its people 

savages. 

How should we regard Industry? 

As one of the noblest and most necessary virtues. 

When we see people who are ashamed to work how should we feel 
toward them ? 

We should be ashamed of them and pity them. 

Referring to Industry, do you mean labor of the hands alone? 

We mean labor of the hands, or the brain; or both 
combined. 

How does Love affect Industry? 

Love of self and friends impels us to supply nat- 
ural wants, and this requires the exercise of Indus- 
try. 

How does Conscience develop Industry ? 

It enables us to see our obligation to the claims 
of self, friend, duty, &c, and this furnishes an in- 
centive to action. 



INDUSTRY. 23 



How is Industry represented upon the Chart? 

By a large star. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Because it is a great light and blessing to the soul 
in its results. 

What qualities are directly dependent upon and auxilliary to Indus- 
try? 

HEALTH. 

AMBITION. 

ENERGY. 

ORDER. 

PATIENCE. 

ECONOMY. 

SELF-DENIAL. 

PUNCTUALITY. 

PRUDENCE. 

How are each of these represented on the Chart? 

By a star. 

Why are they so represented ? 

They are each a source of light or inspiration 
to the soul. 



24 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

How does Reflection aid Industry? 

It enlightens Conscience with the knowledge of 
the needs that demand our action. 

What is the use of the Will in the exercise of Industry? 

It enforces all action that constitutes Industry. 

Is Will absolutely necessary to Industry ? 

Without the exercise of the Will, neither the 
light of Reflection, the vision and voice of Con- 
science, nor the inspiration of Love, would be able 
to develop Industry. 

What then is necessary to a proper development of Industry? 

The careful education of Will to enforce the law 
of Conscience. 

Have the great and good of earth, admired, revered and practiced 
Industry ? 

They have. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



HEALTH. 25 



CHAPTER II. 



HEALTH. 



What do we mean by Health? 

Soundness of body and mind. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented? 

It is a quality that enables the individual to appre- 
hend and receive the light of other virtues. 

How does Health depend upon Industry ? 

Cleanliness, one of the requisites to Health, de- 
pends upon Industry. 

Is there any other way that Health depends upon Industry? 

Exercise is necessary to Health, and Industry is 
the most beneficial. 



26 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Why is usefulness or Industry the most beneficial exercise ? 

It has a happy and satisfying effect upon the 
mind, as of duty performed, or good done. 

What effect has Idleness upon the person? 

It diseases body and mind if long continued. 

What depends upon Health? 

All enjoyment, progress and wisdom. 

Is Health dependent upon Love ? 

The knowledge that we are beloved adds to our 
happiness and brings serenity of temper, which is 
favorable to health of body and mind ; while a loving 
disposition toward others inspires us to Industry, 
Purity and Hope, all of which are conducive to 
Health. 

How does Conscience act upon the Health? 

An approving Conscience strengthens and im- 
proves the health, while a guilty Conscience induces 
an unhealthy condition of both body and mind that 
sometimes becomes positive disease. 

Is Health dependent upon the Will ? 

The Will must enforce those measures that are 
designed to protect and improve the Health. 



HEALTH. 27 



Has Reflection any power over the Health? 

It furnishes the light or knowledge by which both 
the Will and the Conscience minister to the Health. 

Is it wrong to be unhealthy ? 

It is wrong to carelessly injure our Health in any 
way, and wrong to neglect those things that will 
restore or improve it. 

What are the things most necessary to Health? 

Pure air, pure water, cleanliness, judicious exer- 
cise, nutritious food properly cooked, cheerful tem- 
per. 

What are some of the most common causes of ill-health ? 

Over-work, over-study, or over-exertion of any 
kind, anxiety, sorrow, drinking intoxicating liquors, 
using tobacco, loss of sleep, eating too much, and 
other dissipation. 

What is the effect of good Health ? 

Good health disposes the mind and body to hap- 
piness and worthy achievement ; while ill-health or 
disease, brings insanity, crime, pain, sorrow and 
misery of all kinds, and causes the failure and ruin 
of family, state and nation. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



28 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER III. 



AMBITION. 



What is Ambition ? 

Desire to gain favor, to excel, to achieve. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Ambition is a light or inspiration to the soul that 
inclines it to develop other virtues and attain objects. 

Is Ambition right ? 

Properly indulged, it is right. 

Explain how it may be properly indulged ? 

If we are ambitious to excel or to achieve for good 
purposes, it is worthy and noble. If we desire 
power that we may benefit humanity, Ambition is. a 
pure and excellent quality. 



AMBITION. 29 



When is Ambition a sin and snare. 

When it seeks power only for selfish and wicked 
purposes. 

How is Ambition dependent upon Industry ? 

Without Industry, Ambition would be nothing but 
wretched discontented dreaming ; with Industry, it 
can accomplish great results. 

For what are you Ambitious when you study? 

Some are ambitious to gain knowledge for the love 
of it, others to be considered scholars, some for the 
good they can do, and others are ambitious to please 
friends. 

Do you consider Ambition any benefit to you? 

It helps us to persevere in all that we undertake. 

How does Love afiect Ambition ? 

It inspires it in behalf of the loved one's comfort 
and happiness, and impels us to success that we may 
be more worthy of Love. 

Is Ambition dependent upon Conscience ? 

A good Ambition is subservient to Conscience and 
will attempt nothing that is not right, while un- 
worthy Ambition is accused and condemned by 
Conscience continually. 



30 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is Will necessary to Ambition ? 

Ambition could not exist without Will, it would 
at the most, be but an idle fancy or weak desire. 

How does Reflection aid Ambition ? 

It enables Conscience and Will to decide what is 
a good and useful Ambition, and to enforce it, and 
helps them to check bad impulses. 

How is it possible to properly regulate the Ambition? 

By educating the Will to obey the Conscience re- 
gardless of the fervor of soul for conquest and 
advancement. 

Has Ambition been an important element in the history of man- 
kind? 

It has. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



ENERGY. 31 



CHAPTER IV. 



ENERGY. 



What is Energy ? 

Power, force, or vigor. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Energy is a light or help that when present in the 
nature, makes many virtues visible and possible. 

Is it natural to people? 

It is inherent in a few, but must be cultivated in 
many natures. 

If a man is willing to work but lacks Energy, what is the effect? 

He will never accomplish much, and is considered 
stupid, shiftless and unlucky. 



32 PRACTICAL ETHICS, 

How can you acquire Energy ? 

By going at every task earnestly, determined to 
accomplish it in the best possible manner, in the least 
possible time. 

Why must this quality be acquired in youth? 

It is impossible for energy to be worked into mus- 
cles and bones that have grown old in slothful and 
easy ways. 

[low does a young person appear who is slow, easy and careless of 
achievement? 

He appears contemptible and good for nothing. 

Is it necessary for all to be energetic in the same pursuit? 

No, but we should be energetic in whatever we 
have chosen to do, and be certain that it is something 
useful. 

Has Love any effect upon Energy? 

It inspires Energy, even in the naturally slothful. 

What is an excellent way to cultivate Energy in individuals? 

To incline their minds lovingly toward a worthy 
object or person, and to let them understand that 
you or others have an affectionate interest in their 
success. 



ENERGY. 33 



What relation should Conscience bear toward Energy? 

That of guide and teacher. 

What is Energy under the guidance of Conscience? 

A light and blessing. 

What relation does Will bear toward Energy ? 

Without the co-operation of Will it would be use- 
less. Energy, in its best development, is the pure 
Will in a state of intelligent action. 

Has Reflection any effect upon Energy ? 

It enables Conscience and Will to adapt Energy 
to good purposes. 

Has Energy been of use to the world ? 

Without it all difficult things would be abandoned. 
It is one of the elements in every worthy achieve- 
ment. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 
3 



34 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER V, 



ORDER. 

What does Order mean? 

Regularity, method. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Because it is a light, inspiration, and help to the 
soul. 

How may Order be divided? 

Into System and Harmony. 

To what is System generally applied ? 

Regular arrangement — as of books in a library, 
furniture in a room, rules and divisions in a book. 






ORDER. 35 

Does System refer to anything else? 

It refers to Order in action; as, a system of teach- 
ing, of work, of study. 

What is the effect of disorder ? 

It hinders, discourages and confuses. 

What do you mean by Order in action ? 

Beginning and proceeding with whatever we wish 
to accomplish in a regular way. 

What is the use of Order in action? 

We can accomplish anything more easily, speedi- 
ly and intelligently, by following a regular plan. 

Will lazy people develop Order? 

They will not; Order depends upon Industry. 

What is meant by Harmony of Order? 

Arrangement of things by proportion ; as, of furni- 
ture to a room, of rooms and windows to a house, 
drawers to a bureau. 

Would it be Harmony of Order to have large furniture in a small 
room, or small windows in a large house? 

It would not; all things should be in proportion. 

When should we practice Order? 

All the time, from early youth to old age, in every 
thing we do. 



36 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

How shall we begin? 

By preparing a place for everything, and keeping 
everything in its place. 

Is that all we can do ? 

We can fix upon a certain time for all duties that 
are under our control, and see that they are attended 
to at the time appointed. 

How can a child apply this to its daily life ? 

His sleeping, eating, playing, studying and work- 
ing can be arranged at regular intervals, each at the 
same time, and beginning at the same hour as the 
day previous. 

Will this help in any way besides giving him habits of Order? 

Regularity in eating, sleeping, playing, &c, is con- 
ducive to health, comfort and happiness. 

How does Love affect Order? 

It inspires the individual to practice Order in the 
arrangement of all things out of regard to the com- 
fort and happiness of self and loved ones, and from 
a love of Harmony. 

How should Conscience act towards Order? 

It should approve Order, and condemn disorder 
and confusion. 






ORDER. 



31 



How does Reflection affect Order? 

It enlightens the soul with the meaning of Order, 
and the method of attaining it as a permanent habit 
or virtue, and enables Conscience to see what is right 
and what is wrong in regard to it. 

What is the relation of Will to Order? 

It is the power that enforces System and Har- 
mony. 

Where will we find the greatest lack of Order? 

Among ignorant, barbarous and savage people. 

Where will we find the highest type of Order? 

Among the wise and enlightened. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



3 8 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER VI. 



PATIENCE. 



What is the meaning of Patience ? 

Calmness, when provoked by others, or perplexed 
by trials. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Patience is a light or guide to help the soul per- 
ceive the insignificance of trials. 

Is it easy to be patient? 

It is very difficult. 

Is it a desirable quality ? 

It is a noble and beautiful virtue, and necessary 
to our happiness. 



PATIENCE. 39 



How can it be acquired ? 

By careful attention to our temper, and a determi- 
nation to improve. 

What do we say of impatient people? 

That they are quick-tempered and quarrelsome. 

What do we say of patient people? 

That they are sweet-tempered, amiable and good. 

What are the benefits of Patience ? 

It soothes and strengthens the mind, and fits 
it for useful thought. It improves the general 
health, and adds to our own happiness and that 
of others. 

Does Love aid the develo; ment of Patience? 

It is its greatest help and inspiration. 

Is an unloving, unkind, and ungrateful heart likely to be patient? 

No. It is- generally petulant and cruel. 

How should Conscience act towards Patience? 

It should encourage and approve Patience, and 
condemn the lack of it. It should also be able to 
perceive when it is right to exercise Patience. 

Is it ever right to be impatient? 

It is right to feel a just indignation toward evil., 
and to exhibit displeasure toward the evil-doer. 



40 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is it best to do this in an impatient, petulant way? 

No. We should be calm, and firm, and gentle, 
when reproving others. 

Suppose we impatiently rebuke them? 

We will do them no good and will harm ourselves, 

How does Reflection aid Patience ? 

It gives it time to develop, and enables Conscience 
to encourage and control it. 

Does Will aid Patience in its development? 

It is one of its greatest helpers. Without the 
faithful restraining power and firm determination of 
Will, it would be impossible for any one to be patient. 

How is Patience dependent upon Industry? 

Industry develops Patience in its own unfolding 
as one of its necessary elements. 

How is Patience necessary to Industry ? 

Neither Industry, nor anything that is difficult, 
could be accomplished without the exercise of Pa- 
tience. 

Has it always been favorably regarded ? 

In all the known history of the world, Patience 
has been considered one of the noblest virtues. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



ECONOMY. 41 



CHAPTER VII, 



ECONOMY. 



What is the meaning of Economy? 

Proper care in saving means. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Economy is a light and help in all practical 
achievements. 

Why is it right to economize ? 

That we may be able to take care of ourselves 
and of others dependent upon us. 

Suppose we are rich, is it right to practice Economy ? 

It is always right. What we do not need we 
should save and give to the poor. 



42 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What is the relation of Economy to Industry ? 

Economy must be sufficiently developed to accu- 
mulate the fruits of Industry, or people will become 
discouraged and sink into idleness. 

How is Economy dependent upon Industry? 

Industry produces that which should be saved. 

How should you regard Economy ? 

As a necessary and worthy quality. 

What should you think of wastefulness? 

That it is disgraceful and wicked. 

How does Love affect Economy? 

It encourages it that we may be able to minis'ter 
to our loved ones, and, however great its wealth, a 
loving nature will not be wasteful, but will always 
remember the poor and suffering. 

How should Conscience regard Economy ? 

It should approve and encourage it, and should 
condemn wastefulness. 

What will enable Conscience to do this ? 

Reflection. 

Is Will necessary to Economy? 

It needs to be continually exerted as there is no 



ECONOMY. 43 



bad habit so easy to learn as wastefulness and 
neglect of things to their damage or ruin. 

What is one of the most common sources of wastefulness ? 

Buying what we do not need. 

How do people happen to do this? 

It pleases them for the moment, or some one else 
has bought the same and they wish to imitate them, 
or, they desire to keep up appearances of being 
richer than they are. 

How should you regard such action ? 

As foolish and wicked. 

Are people sometimes ashamed to economize? 

They are. 

What is the effect of this contemptible disposition? 

It causes a great many failures, much suffering, 
and all kinds of crime. 

Mention other sources of wastefulness ? 

Eating and drinking too much, or that which is 
not wholesome. 

What is the most wicked waste of means ? 

Buying intoxicating liquors, and tobacco, as they 



44 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

are not only a waste of money, but of health, life, 
and happiness. 

Have we any record of wise and eminent people who believed Econ- 
omy a noble virtue and practiced it ? 

We have. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



SELF'nENIAL. 45 



CHAPTER VIII. 



SELF-DENIAL. 
What is Self-Denial? 

Voluntarily doing without things that we desire. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the Constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thu3 represented? 

Self-Denial enlightens and blesses the soul by 
freeing it from selfishness. 

Is this virtue easy to acquire? 

It is difficult to acquire, but one of the noblest 
and most necessary qualities possible to attain. 

What is its effect » 

It strengthens all the other good qualities. 

If we could not practice Self-Denial would we succeed in life? 

No ; we should be likely to waste all our means 
and be obliged to live upon the charity of others. 



46 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

When shall we practice Self-Denial? 

All the time. 

Is this necessary ? 

It is, because we are so constituted that we are 
always wishing for things that we ought not to have 
or cannot afford to have. 

How does Love influence Self-Denial? 

Love enables us to sacrifice self, that our loved 
ones may be happy. 

Is Conscience necessary in the development of Self-Denial ? 

It is, and should be especially active and exact- 
ing, as there is no quality that needs its continual 
guidance more. 

Is the Will required? 

It is, and should be constantly striving to subdue 
selfishness and strengthen Self-Denial. 

What other faculty is needed to insure development of this noble 
and necessary quality? 

Reflection. 

How is Self-Denial dependent upon Industry? 

Industry strengthens the whole being and nerves 
it to the practice of this rigid virtue. 



SELF-DENIAL. 47 



Does Self-Denial ass'sfc Industry? 

It allows the results of labor to accumulate, thus 
encouraging Industry to persevere. 

When can the young practice Self-Denial ? 

At table, at play, and everywhere and at all times 
when they desire what they should not have. 

Are there any great and notable results on record that were 
accomplished by the exercise of this virtue ? 

There are. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



48 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER IX, 



PUNCTUALITY. 

What is Punctuality? 

Being prompt to meet our engagements. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Punctuality is a light and help to the soul in all 
business transactions, and all the other relations of 
life. 

Have we any right to be behind time for an appointment ? 

We have not. 

If we have the reputation of not being punctual, what is the 
effect ? 

It injures us in business, and destroys confidence 
in us. 



PUNCTUALITY. 49 

Does it harm others? 

It robs them of time and Patience. 

Should we be punctual in little matters as well as in great? 

We should be prompt to the minute, no matter 
how unimportant the object, that we may acquire 
the excellent habit of Punctuality, and do justice to 
those with whom we deal. 

Does Punctuality depend upon Industry ? 

Useful people are generally prompt, while the lazy 
and idle seldom are. 

Can you trace any dependence upon Love in this quality ? 

If we love self, we shall strive to develop this 
and every other good quality. If we love others, 
we should do the same that they may rejoice in our 
excellence, and if we love justice, we shall always 
be prompt that we may not rob people of their time 
and patience. 

Should Conscience aid this virtue ? 

It should approve promptness, and deplore and 
condemn the lack of it. 

What will enable it to do this? 

Reflection. 
4 



5o PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

How will Refaction act ? 

It will enlighten Conscience with a knowledge of 
obligation to others, and enable it to see their claims 
for consideration. 

Is Will necessary to this quality? 

The Will is chiefly at fault in a failure to be 
prompt and must always be the principal element 
in Punctuality. 

In cultivating this quality what must you keep in mind ? 

The education of the Will by Conscience and 
Reflection. 

How is Punctuality regarded ? 

Some of the wisest people have considered it the 
chief virtue, while it has always formed an im- 
portant feature in the success of people. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 



PRUDENCE. 51 



CHAPTER X, 



PRUDENCE. 
What is Prudence? 

Care in the method of doing, or not doing. 

How is it represented on the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Industry. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Prudence enables us to see what is proper, useful, 
discreet and necessary, in regard to all things. 

How may Prudence be applied to Industry ? 

We should be prudent in the use of our strength, 
our time, our means. 

If we are not prudent in the use of strength what is the result? 

Our health is injured. 

How shall we be Prudent in the use of time ? 

By dividing the hours of toil, and the hours of 



52 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

rest so that we shall not be too weary, and yet per- 
form all that is necessary. 

If I should fritter away the morning and then toil late in the even- 
ing, would that be a prudent use of time? 

No. Morning is the proper time for work, and 
the evening for rest. 

Is Love any incentive to the perfecting of this virtue? 

Love for others induces us to make a prudent use 
of time, means and strength. Love of self and of 
right has the same effect. 

How does Conscience help this virtue? 

It sees and announces what is prudent. 

Can it do this of its own power? 

It must have the light or knowledge of Reflection 
to enable it to see the right in this, as in all other 
cases. 

Is Will active in the exercise of Prudence? 

It co-operates with every measure of Prudence. 

What is Prudence often called ? 

Wisdom and Discretion. 

Has it always been considered an important quality ? 

From the earliest ages it has been regarded as a 
noble virtue, 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



f^SdTid^ ^Sidg. 






DIVISION III. 



HOPE— PERSEVERANCE— CHEERFULNESS— FORT!. 
TUDE— SELF-POSSESSION— SELF-RELIANCE- 
CONTENTMENT— MORAL COURAGE-MEN 
TAL COURAGE— PHYSICAL COURAGE. 



DIVlglOTsf III. 



CHAPTER I. 



HOPE. 

What is Hope ? 

It is expectation of better conditions. Faith in 
coming good. 

How is Hope represented upon the Chart? 

By a large star. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Because Hope is a great light or inspiration to the 
soul. 

What relation does it bear to Love? 

If there were nothing to love, there would be 
nothing to inspire Hope. 



56 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

May we not feel that we love nothing upon the earth or beyond it 
and yet have Hope ? 

It may be possible, but in that case Hope is 
inspired by the love we have for our own comfort 
and existence. 

What qualities depend upon Hope? 

PERSEVERANCE. 
CHEERFULNESS. 
FORTITUDE. 
SELF-POSSESSION. 
SELF-RELIANCE. 
CONTENTMENT. 
MORAL COURAGE. 
MENTAL COURAGE. 
PHYSICAL COURAGE. 

How are these represented upon the Chart? 

By stars. 

Why? 

Because they are each a light or inspiration to the 
mind. 



HOPE. 57 

How should Conscience regard Hope? 

It should cherish it as one of the greatest needs 
and noblest virtues of the soul, and should discour- 
age and condemn the evil of despondency. 

Does Reflection render any particular assistance to Hope ? 

It presents its advantages and blessings to the 
mind and enables Conscience to act intelligently. 

Is the Will necessary to the presence and growth of Hope? 

Hope may be spontaneous in some natures, but 
even then, Will is necessary to curb or encourage, as 
occasion may require; while nearly all temperaments 
need special exertion of the Will to keep the bright 
and hopeful side present to the mind. 

Is Industry dependent upon Hope ? 

It is, as no one would toil without a hope that it 
would bring better conditions. 

Does purity depend upon Hope ? 

It does. People struggle to be pure with the 
hope of the approval of friends, Conscience and 
God. 

Is Fidelity also dependent upon Hope ? 

It is. It would be very difficult to be faithful to 
friends, country or duty, without at least Hope of 



58 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

approval of friends, while Hope of the approbation 
of God is ever a strong inspiration to Fidelity. 

What is the condition of individuals who abound in Hope? 

They are strong and courageous, ready for all 
achievments, and all emergencies. They make the 
best of everything and find sunshine in the darkest 
day. 

What is the result if people are deficient in Hope? 

They imagine evil and calamity in all things, are 
unhappy, cowardly and weak. 

How shall we cultivate Hope? 

By trying to find something good in the most 
unpleasant experiences; by contrasting cheerful and 
hopeful with desponding natures; and by a determi- 
nation to look hopeful and feel hopeful in all circum- 
stances. 

Do people ever succeed in conquering gloomy, hopeless tendencies 
and becoming hopeful ? 

They do. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



PERSEVERANCE. 59 



CHAPTER II. 



PERSEVERANCE. 



What is Perseverance V 

Continued pursuit of anything begun. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Perseverance is a light or inspiration that aids the 
cultivation of all good qualities, and the accomplish- 
ment of every purpose. 

Why is this an important quality ? 

Beginning is useless unless we persevere. 

Would people be industrious without Perseverance? 

They would quit labor the moment they began to 
be weary, and thus very little would be done. 



6o PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

In what should we persevere ? 

In all things that are good and useful. 

What enables Conscience to act in the cultivation of Perseverance ? 

Reflection enlightens Conscience to understand 
and follow the right, and to reject the evil. 

How does Will aid and establish Perseverance in the mind? 

By co-operating with Conscience to compel con- 
tinued action in the right direction. 

Has Perseverance been a prominent element in the achievements of 
the past ? 

It has. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



CHEERFULNESS. 61 



CHAPTER III. 



CHEERFULNESS. 



What does Cheerfulness mean? 

Good nature, genial and happy looks, words and 
acts. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

Why is it thus represented? 

It is a light or inspiration to the soul. 

Is it any advantage to us to be cheerful ? 

It makes us happier, healthier, more beautiful, and 
more beloved by others. 

Does it help others ? 

A cheerful temper is a blessing to all who come 
in its presence. 



62 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Are we pleased with people who pout, quarrel, are sad looking and 
ill tempered ? 

We cannot be pleased with them, for they make 
us continually unhappy. 

Do we love those who are kind but always sad and gloomy? 

We may love them for their good qualities, but 
their society is so depressing that it is a relief to go 
away from them. 

How can we cultivate cheerfulness? 

By always trying to look on the bright side, and 
finding a good reason for all that is unpleasant. 

Tf it is impossible to do this what shall we do? 

There are many things that will aid us. One is, 
to contemplate the fate of those who are more mis- 
erable than ourselves. Another is, to begin and 
persevere with something worthy to be accomplished. 

What qualities are necessary to Cheerfulness ? 

All the good qualities contribute to it, and health 
of body and mind is especially necessary. 

How does Conscience affect Cheerfulness ? 

It is impossible to be cheerful with a guilty Con- 
science condemning and accusing us, while a good 
Conscience continually ministers to Cheerfulness. 



CHEERFULNESS. 63 

Does Love influence Cheerfulness? 

It is very easy to be cheerful surrounded by those 
by whom we are beloved and for whom we have 
sympathy and affection. 

Does any other faculty assist Cheerfulness? 

Reflection enables us to understand even the uses 
of adversity, and to appreciate our blessings. 

What is the most efficient help in the development of a cheerful tem- 
per? 

The education of the Will to a persistent deter- 
mination that the bright side of all times, places and 
incidents shall be discovered and enjoyed. 

Has Cheerfulness been common to great and good minds? 

It has. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



64 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



FORTITUDE. 

What is Fortitude ? 

It is Cheerfulness under great misfortune, pain or 
sorrow. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope, 

Why is it thus represented ? 

It enlightens and strengthens the soul in adversity 
and sorrow. 

Can Love assist Fortitude ? 

A knowledge that we are beloved enables us to 
endure sorrow with calmness, while a loving nature 
is more easily aroused to the virtue of Fortitude 
than the opposite. 

Should Conscience assist Fortitude? 

It should encourage it as a noble and needful 



FORTITUDE. 65 



virtue, and should condemn repining, fear and weak- 
ness. 

What will enable it to do this? 

Reflection and Will. 

How does Reflection act toward this virtue? 

It enables Conscience to see the wisdom of Forti- 
tude, and to announce the right method of its devel- 
opment. 

Is Will necessary to the existence of Fortitude? 

Fortitude may rightly be considered a combina- 
tion of Will and Hope. 

How is it dependent upon Hope? 

Hope nerves the soul to endurance, with the 
thought of approaching rest, or the approval of Con- 
science, of good people and of God. 

How has Fortitude been regarded by the wise of all ages ? 

As a great and important virtue. 

How can it be cultivated ? 

By the determination to endure pain, discomfort 
and disappointment, without murmuring. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 
5 



66 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER V. 



SELF-POSSESSION. 

What is Self-Possession ? 

Control of our powers; self command. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

This virtue aids us in seeing and applying all wis- 
dom, and is particularly useful in the cultivation of 
all good elements. 

Explain how it renders assistance ? 

It exercises a calm restraining power that enables 
us to realize our thoughts and express our senti- 
ments. 

Does it aid in any other way? 

It helps us to act wisely in time of danger. 



SELF-POSSESSION. 67 

If a person is deficient in Self-Possession what is the result? 

His thoughts are confused in conversation, and he 
is excited to the verge of insanity in danger. 

How is this quality dependent upon Hope? 

Self-Possession in the presence of others, or in 
conversation, generally depends upon the Hope that 
we are favorably regarded by them, or that we will 
be; while Self-Possession in time of danger depends 
upon the prompt action of Hope that a way of 
escape is possible. 

How is Self-Possession dependent upon Love? 

Love of self constitutes sufficient incentive to 
the cultivation of this necessary quality for use in 
time of danger. Knowledge that we are beloved 
adds to our self-respect, and this encourages Self- 
Possession; while a loving nature acquires this vir- 
tue by the development of helpful sympathies to- 
ward others. 

How should Conscience regard Self-Possession? 

As a good and necessary quality that it is our 
duty to cultivate for the protection of ourselves and 
others, as well as for its beneficial effect upon our 
character. 



6S PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

How should Conscience regard the lack of Sell-Possession? 

As a weakness and an evil that must be over- 
come. 

What enables Conscience to understand this? 

Reflection exhibits the necessity and use of Self- 
Control and the misery that flows from the lack of 
it. 

What will enable us to cultivate this excellent quality? 

The Will must continually act upon the thoughts, 
compelling them to do our bidding under trival cir- 
cumstances, as well as in emergencies. 

Can this virtue be easily acquired ? 

By some people it may, while others must give it 
careful and unremitting attention. 

Are there any remarkable instances upon record of the existence 
and use of Self-Possession ? 

There are, 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



SELF-RELIANCE, 6q 



CHAPTER VI. 



SELF-RELIANCE. 
What is Self-Reliance ? 

Depending upon our own power or resources. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

What does this signify ? 

That Self-Reliance is a light or guide to the mind. 

Is it right to depend upon one's self? 

It is, so far as we possibly can. 

Why is it right? 

It strengthens and fits us for life's trials and duties, 
and keeps us from imposing on others. 

If we become so Self-reliant that we think nothing of other people's 
experience and advice, what is the effect ? 

We are unwise, headstrong and conceited. 



7 o PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

How is Self-Reliance dependent upon Hope? 

If it were not for the expectation of being able to 
bring about ease and independence, we should remain 
helpless and dependent. 

How is Self-Reliance dependent upon Love? 

A desire to be beloved, inspires us to be strong 
and self-reliant that we may win admiration and 
respect. Love for others urges us to Self-Reliance 
that we may never be a burden, but able, always, to 
minister to them, while a true respect for self, com- 
pels us to a careful cultivation of this virtue. 

How should Conscience regard Self-Reliance? 

It should approve it as one of the noblest and 
most useful attainments, and should discourage and 
condemn dependence upon others, except when it is 
absolutely necessary. 

What will enable Conscience to follow this course ? 

Reflection will show the absurdity and wicked- 
ness of putting our burdens and responsibilities upon 
others, and the advantage to be gained through intel- 
ligent Self-Reliance. 

What other faculty is necessary to the development of Self-Reliance? 

The Will must act continually, inclining the mind 



SELF-RELIANCE. 71 

to think for itself, and the body to exemplify at all 
times a pure, intelligent, Self-Reliance. 

What will be the effect of this action of the Will in reference to this 
virtue ? 

The mind will learn wisdom from all sources, and 
apply it to its own uses, it will think and act for 
itself according to the best light it can obtain. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



72 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER VII, 



CONTENTMENT. 
What is Contentment? 

Cheerful serenity of disposition. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

What does this signify ? 

That Contentment is a light or inspiration that 
removes clouds of difficulty, and shows their unimpor- 
tance, or how they may be banished. 

What is the foundation of Contentment ? 

Its greatest strength is in the hope that all will be 
well in the future. 

Is Contentment necessary to us ? 

A certain measure of Contentment is necessary 
to the endurance of life. 



CONTENTMENT. 



Are wise people contented? 

A truly wise person will make the best of all 
times, seasons and circumstances; but will endeavor 
to improve all these wherever possible, from princi- 
ple, rather than from petulant discontent. 

How should Conscience regard Contentment ? 

Conscience should encourage Contentment as a 
noble and necessary virtue, and disapprove and con- 
demn discontent as unwise and injurious. 

What will enable it to do this ? 

Reflection enables Conscience to see the wisdom 
and necessity of serenity of temper. 

Is Contentment dependent upon Love? 

A knowledge that we are beloved aids Content- 
ment, and a loving nature more easily endures trials 
with serenity of feeling; while a true love of self, 
compels us to avoid discontent and petulance how- 
ever much we see the need of change, or labor for 
improvement. 

What is necessary in order to attain a contented spirit? 

The cultivation of the Will to restrain impatience, 
and to compel constant attention to repose of 
temper in the presence of trials, and to awaken 



74 



PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



earnest gratitude for all the blessings that come to 
us. 

Have wise and good people generally admired Contentment and 
encouraged others to do so ? 

They have. 
Give Examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



MORAL COURAGE. 75 



CHAPTER VIII. 



MORAL COURAGE. 



What is Courage? 

Bravery, Daring. 

How many kinds are there ? 

Moral, Mental and Physical. 

Which is the highest? 

Moral Courage. 

Why? 

A person who has the virtue of Moral Courage 
will do right under all circumstances, while Mental 
and Physical Courage may be exerted in a wrong 
cause. 

How is Moral Courage represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 



76 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Why is it thus represented? 

Moral Courage is a light or inspiration to the soul 
in the accomplishment of good. 

Why is it in the constellation of Hope ? 

Moral Courage is dependent upon Hope. People 
could not continue to do right when opposed and 
ridiculed if it were not at least for the hope of the 
approval of Conscience and of God. The hope 
of the approval of good people is a great incentive 
to Moral Courage. 

How is Moral Courage dependent upon Love? 

It is more easy to exhibit Moral Courage if those 
whom we love encourage us to do so, while the 
knowledge that we are beloved inclines us to be 
worthy in this respect as well as in all others. 

How should Conscience act in regard to this virtue ? 

It should approve Moral Courage continually, and 
condemn all inclinations of failure in right doing. 

What will enable Conscience to pursue this course? 

The light of Reflection enables Conscience to see 
when Moral Courage should be exerted. 

What other faculty is necessary to the existence of Moral Courage ? 

The Will. 



MORAL COURAGE. 77 

Why is the Will necessary ? 

Reflection might enlighten Conscience, and Con- 
science might see and announce the right, but Will 
must furnish the force of character that constitutes 
true courage of whatever kind. 

If a person should dare you to do wrong, would it be brave to do it? 

No, it would be cowardly. 

Why would it be cowardly ? 

It would prove us to be afraid of ridicule. 

How has Moral Courage always been regarded? 

As a noble attribute. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 



78 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER IX. 



MENTAL COURAGE. 



What is Mental Courage ? 

It is that disposition that makes us risk failure for 
the sake of success. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

Why is it represented by a star? 

It is a practical light or perception that inclines 
the individual to risk, or to take responsibility, where 
there is doubt of success. 

Why is it in the constellation of Hope ? 

It is Hope of success that enables the individual 
to take the risk. 

If you have Mental Courage how will it affect yon when you are 
young? 

We shall not be afraid to undertake difficult tasks. 



MENTAL COURAGE 7 9 

When yon become a man or woman how will it aid you? 

We shall dare to go into business, and to take 
other important responsibilities. 

Can people succeed in business or anything worthy without Mental 
Courage ? 

They may happen to succeed, but it is not gener- 
ally the result. 

Is it possible to have too much Mental Courage? 

We may become reckless, and take great, unreas- 
onable, and dishonest risks. 

If Mental Courage is perverted what is the result? 

It degenerates into gambling, theft, swindling, and 
other wickedness. 

Does Mental Courage depend upon Love ? 

Love inspires people to risks that they would 
never, otherwise, imagine possible. The care and 
protection of loved ones demand risks that we heed, 
scarcely realizing why. 

How should Conscience act toward Mental Courage? 

It should cherish an intelligent degree of Mental 
Courage for good purposes, and carefully check and 
condemn unreasonable and wicked risks. 



80 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What will aid Conscience in accomplishing this? 

Reflection. 

Is Will also necessary? 

Will is the chief element of Mental Courage, and 
must act continually to strengthen and make it 
effective. 

Has Mental Courage been of much use in great and successful enter- 
prises ? 

It has. 
Give Examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 



PHYSICAL COURAGE. 81 



CHAPTER X, 



PHYSICAL COURAGE. 

What is Physical Courage ? 

Risking bodily injury to accomplish a purpose. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

It is a light or help that protects the individual 
and preserves his life, enabling him to achieve and to 
develop. 

What do we call those who lack courage? 

Cowards. 

Do we admire those who are brave for an unworthy purpose? 

Wise people do not. 

When should we honor bravery ? 

When it is exercised for a noble object. 



S2 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is Physical Courage founded upon Hope ? 

It is. The hope of succeeding, and of approba- 
tion. 

How does Love influence Physical Courage ? 

Love of friends, of self, or of duty, often inspires 
risk of life. 

How should Conscience regard this virtue? 

It should cherish Physical Courage for all good and 
noble purposes, and check and condemn any evil use 
of it. 

How does Will aid its action? 

Will is the chief element in Physical Courage, as 
it is in every emotion of courage that is effective, 
and must accompany it continually. 

Has Physical Courage been of much use or received much credit 
for the achievements of the past ? 

It has. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



ff^c^id^ sjTSidg. 



DIVISION IV. 



PURITY— CLEANLINESS— TEMPERANCE-CHASTITY- 
PEACE— POLITENESS— JUSTICE— HONESTY- 
TRUTH— MAGNANIMITY. 



©ivi£iox iv. 



CHAPTER I. 



PURITY. 



I 



What is Purity ? 

Freedom from evil in thought, word and deed; 
and perfect cleanliness of body, clothes and sur- 
roundings. 

How is Purity represented ? 

By a large star. 

Why is it so represented? 

Purity is a great guiding light or inspiration to 
the soul. 

Is Purity dependent upon Love? 

We strive to be pure from Love of friends and 



S6 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

desire for their approval; sometimes from a pure high 
regard for our own being, and sometimes because we 
know it is right, and love principle. 

Purity includes what qualities ? 

Cleanliness, Temperance, Chastity, Peace, Justice, 
Politeness, Honesty, Truth, and Magnanimity. 

What is the first essential to Purity? 

Pure thoughts. 

Is it possible to have pure thoughts? 

It is. 

Is it possible always to avoid impure thoughts? 

No. But it is possible to hate them. 

If impure thoughts arise in the mind how may they be conquered ? 

By thinking of good things, and repeating good 
and beautiful sentiments that we have learned. 

How shall we keep our actions pure ? 

By doing nothing under any circumstances that 
we are not sure is right. 

Upon what do pure acts depend? 

Upon pure thoughts and a determination to do 
what is right. 



PURITY. 87 



What qualities do we need to enable us always to keep our actions 
pure ? 

There is no good quality that we do not need, and 
no bad one that we should not hate. 

When we have learned to love good deeds and hate bad ones, what 
is necessary ? 

Careful attention all the time to our thoughts and 
motives. 

How shall we keep our language pure? 

By avoiding all impure and profane words and 
slang phrases. 

Is it easy to do this ? 

Not if we hear them often. 

What is the first essential in keeping language pure? 

Pure thoughts. 

What else is necessary ? 

Carefully noting our expressions and correcting 
them immediately if they offend Purity. 

How should Conscience act toward Purity ? 

It should approve and cherish purity and discour- 
age and condemn impurity of thought, word and 
act. 



88 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What will enable it to do this ? 

Reflection and Will. 

How will Reflection aid ? 

It will enable Conscience to see what is pure. 

How does Will assist ? 

It determines that no evil shall be thought or 
done and forces the mind and the body to live ac- 
cordingly. 

Do people ever strive to live absolutely pure lives ? 

They do. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 






CLEANLINESS. 89 



CHAPTER II. 



CLEANLINESS. 



What is Cleanliness ? 

Freedom from filth; Neatness. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Cleanliness is a light or guide to the soul, inclin- 
ing it toward Purity and harmony in all things. 

In what does Cleanliness consist? 

In cleanliness of the whole body. Clean clothes, 
clean house, and clean surroundings. 

Why should we learn Cleanliness ? 

It promotes health, comfort, and happiness. 



9 o PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is Cleanliness dependent upon Love? 

It is dependent upon Love of friends, of duty, of 
self, or all these combined. 

If people are not clean in person and surroundings what is said of 
them ? 

That they are slovenly, dirty, and low. 

How can Cleanliness he learned ? 

By careful practice every day. 

Why is it wrong to be uncleanly? 

It is degrading for the mind and unhealthy for 
the body. 

Why is it unhealthy for the body? 

Filthiness of person produces disease of the skin, 
the scalp, the teeth, and of the whole body, while 
filthiness of the house and surroundings poisons the 
air, thus bringing disease to ourselves and others. 

When should we acquire the habit of Cleanliness? 

Early in life. 

Can you think of any bad habits that contribute to uncleanliness 
and disease 9 

The use of tobacco, opium, and intoxicating 
liquors. 



CLEANLINESS. 91 



Why do you call these bad habits? 

They are uncleanly and bring weakness and 
disease to the body and mind. 

What are tobacco and opium ? 

They are poisonous narcotics. 

Is the use of them easily acquired ? 

It is. 

Is it easily given up ? 

It is very difficult, and quite impossible for some 
people. 

What is the only way to be safe from these bad habits ? 

Never to begin them. 

What will help us to understand that these are bad habits ? 

Reflection and Conscience. 

How should Conscience aid us ? 

It should approve Cleanliness and all Purity, and 
condemn uncleanliness, and all bad habits. 

What will enable Conscience to do this ? 

Reflection. 

Is anything else required to impel us to Cleanliness and Purity ? 

The Will must be in harmony with the Conscience, 



92 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

and must be firmly resolved to put away all unclean- 
liness, whether of person, habits, dress, or sur- 
roundings. 

Do good and wise people insist upon the cultivation of this 
virtue ? 

They do. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



TEMPERANCE. 



CHAPTER 111. 



TEMPERANCE. 



What does Temperance mean ? 

Moderation in what we eat, drink, or do. 

IIow is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Temperance is a light and help to the soul, 
while the absence of it darkens and disfigures the 
nature. 

How is Temperance dependent upon Purity ? 

Purity of act and thought is necessary to keep us 
from becoming intemperate. 

If we are intemperate in studying, what is the result ? 

We injure the brain and the general health. 



94 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What is the effect of intemperance in sleeping ? 

Sleeping too much, weakens the body, and is a 
waste of time. 

If people sleep and lounge about too much, what is said of them? 

That they are lazy. 

Why is it wrong to eat too much ? 

It impairs the health and wastes food. 

What do you call those who eat too much t 

Gluttons. 

What is the worst form of intemperance ? 

Drinking intoxicating liquors. 

Why do we say it is the worst form of intemperance? 

It causes a vast amount of crime, degradation, 
and misery. 

Is a person who gets drunk pure ? 

A person can not be pure who has any bad habit. 

Is drunkenness a very bad habit ? 

It may be considered the worst habit, because ifc 
promotes all kinds of bad thoughts and acts. 

How does the bad habit of drunkenness injure a person ? 

The stomach, nerves and brain become diseased. 



TEMPERANCE. 95 

Does this injure the moral nature ? 

It generally makes the individual cross, wicked, 
and cruel in acts, and fills his mind with vile 
thoughts, and weakens all his good qualities. 

Do you expect to become a drunkard ? 

No. 

What is the only sure way to avoid this evil? 

Never to taste anything that can intoxicate. 

What is it that intoxicates ? 

It is a poison called Alcohol which is found in 
Brandy, Wine, Whisky, Gin, and many other 
liquors. 

How does the poison of alcohol affect the human system ? 

It inflames the blood, stomach, nerves and brain. 

If taken frequently, what is the result ? 

The stomach becomes so diseased that it causes a 
horrible thirst and gnawing sensation, that induces 
the patient to drink more and more. 

Describe the last stage of drunkenness ? 

The interior of the stomach is frequently covered 
with ulcers, and the nerves and brain so diseased 
that the victim has terrible fits of insanity, called 
delirium tremens, or mania a potu. 



96 practical ethics. 

Does the victim suffer any other way ? 

The eyes are often inflamed, and sometimes blind- 
ed, and the patient becomes bloated, and his coun- 
tenance disfigured with blotches and redness. 

How do drunken men injure society? 

By increasing riot, bloodshed, and other crimes. 

Do they injure society in any other way? 

They increase insanity, idiocy, poverty, and all 
kinds of misery. 

What is our duty in regard to intemperance ? 

To do all in our power to destroy the evil and 
to reform its victims. 

How should Conscience cherish the virtue of Temperance ? 

It should approve and encourage total abstinence 
from all things that can intoxicate, and should ab- 
hor and condemn the use of them. 

What will enable Conscience to do this ? 

Reflection will enlighten Conscience with all 
knowledge that can be gained upon the subject. 

How must Will assist ? 

Will must exercise a firm determination to touch 
not, taste not, handle not this ruinous poison, and 






TEMPERANCE. 97 



be ready to resist and overthrow its power at all 
times and places, as well as to compel Temperance 
in all other things. 

What relation has Love to the virtue of Temperance ? 

Love of friends, duty, or self, strengthens us 
against this evil, and has been known to bring about 
reform in what seemed hopeless cases of drunken- 
ness. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



98 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



CHASTITY. 



What is the meaning of Chastity ? 

Purity of thought, word and act, in regard to the 
opposite sex. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

What does this signify ? 

That Chastity is a guide and light to the soul in 
its development, while the absence of it darkens 
the whole moral nature. 

How is Chastity dependent upon Purity? 

It is only possible to those who aspire to be 
pure and hate impurity. 

What is Chastity of thought? 

That state of mind that hates and avoids all im- 



CHASTITY. 99 



proper and impure thoughts of ourselves and of oth- 
ers; and that loves and cherishes pure thoughts 
and emotions. 

What is Chastity of language? 

It is that which rejects all impure words and 
despises those who use them. 

What is Chastity of act? 

Keeping the body from all impure contact with 
others. 

What are the results of unehastity ? 

Debased morals, weakened minds and diseased 
bodies. 

How should you regard unehastity ? 

As the most loathsome and fearful evil that af- 
flicts the human race. 

How should Conscience regard Chastity ? 

It should approve, and encourage it as an abso- 
lutely necessary virtue, and condemn and abhor un- 
ehastity. 

What will enable Conscience thus to act 1 

Reflection. 



ioo PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is anything else necessary to preserve Chastity of thought and act? 

The Will must act in harmony with Conscience 
and fortify the soul, by compelling purity of thought 
and by rejecting and despising every emotion and 
thought that is impure. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



PEACE. 101 



CHAPTER V. 



PEACE. 

What is the meaning of Peace ? 

Calmness, quiet, absence of strife and anger. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Hope. 

"What does this signify ? 

That Peace is a light, or favorable inspiration to 
the soul, and is founded upon Purity of temper and 
manner. 

How is Peace dependent upon Love ? 

A loving nature naturally develops peaceful and 
harmonious thoughts, emotions and acts, while a 
knowledge that we are beloved, inclines the soul to 
peace and happiness. 



io2 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is a peaceful temper of any particular advantage to us ? 

It promotes health of body and mind, it increas- 
es the happiness of ourselves and others, and cher- 
ishes all the good qualities. 

Can you mention any other benefit arising from Peace ? 

It enables society, state, and nation, to develop 
harmoniously and to make the best possible use of 
time, means and power. 

What is our duty in regard to Peace ? 

We should honor and cultivate peace in indi- 
viduals, society, state and nation, and despise and 
discourage war, quarreling and discord of all kinds. 

Is war and strife ever necessary ? 

Sometimes honorable peace can only be achieved 
and maintained through war. 

Why does this happen ? 

Because discontented, aggressive, or wicked 
people, determine to impose upon and destroy oth- 
ers; and this must be counteracted either by peace- 
ful counsels, or by vigorous strife. 

Is it right for a man to remain inactive, and allow an enemy to in- 
jure or destroy his family, state or country ? 

It is infamous, and he who does so makes him- 
self a party to the evil. 



PEACE. 103 



How should he proceed to check the aggressor ? 

He should try all honorable and peaceful means 
first. 

Suppose these fail ? 

Then he should use all his wisdom and strength 
to render powerless the adversary. 

Should he punish from a feeling of revenge ? 

Never. He should strike only with the pure 
motive of securing the right and protecting the in- 
nocent. 

How should Conscience assist in the cultivation of Peace? 

It should approve and cherish all thoughts and 
emotions that favor Peace, and should condemn and 
discourage every thing that will produce war or 
discord. 

What should help Conscience to act thus? 

Reflection should enlighten it with all the knowl- 
edge that comes to the soul, regarding the advan- 
tage and glory of Peace, and the unhappiness and 
ruin brought about by its opposite. 

Is any other faculty necessary to aid the Conscience in training the 
soul to harmony and Peace ? 

Will must resolve to cherish peaceful thoughts 



104 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

and compel the individual to put away all angry and 
quarrelsome feelings as unworthy of its high des- 
tiny. • 

How then can we cultivate Peace ? 

By trying continually to be cheerful and amiable, 
and by discouraging war, quarreling and discord. 

Has this method ever been pursued? 

It has, by wise and good people of all ages. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



POLITENESS. 105 



CHAPTER VI. 



POLITENESS. 






What is the meaning of Politeness ? 

Kind and gentle words, looks and acts. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

What does this signify? 

That Politeness is a virtue that furnishes a light 
or help to us in our association with others. 

How does Politeness depend upon Purity? 

It is Purity and harmony of manner that consti- 
tutes Politeness. 

What assistance does Love give to Politeness ? 

It is easy for a loving nature to be polite and 
gentle toward all, as it will despise a lack of har- 
mony in manner, as well as in feeling. 



io6 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What is the secret of Politeness? 

To feel kindly toward all. 

Suppose you cannot feel kindly toward all people, should you still 
be polite to them? 

We should. 

Is not this being deceitful? 

No. It is only being true to ourselves. We 
should respect ourselves too much to indulge in im- 
politeness toward any one. 

Is there an}' other reason ? 

It is our duty to be kind and pleasant even to 
those we do not like, out of regard for our common 
humanity. 

Can we respect everybody regardless of their behavior ? 

We can respect their immortal soul and its infin- 
ite possibilities, though we may have reason to des- 
pise their present life and behavior. 

If people are unkind to you, should you resent it ? 

It is sometimes necessary to resent such treatment, 
but it is wiser and nobler to be silent than to make 
use of coarse, angry and unkind retorts. 

Why is it our duty to be polite ? 

We add to our own happiness, and do good to oth- 
ers by our amiable example and pleasant words. 



POLITENESS. 107 



How should Conscience act toward Politeness? 

It should approve it as a noble virtue, and should 
condemn impoliteness as unworthy, wicked and 
foolish behavior. 

What aids Conscience thus to act ? 

Reflection shows the advantage and beauty of 
Politeness, and the unloveliness and discord pro- 
duced by the lack of it. 

What other faculty is needful in the cultivation of Politeness? 

The Will should be continually active, compelling 
the thoughts, words and acts to gracious, genial be- 
havior. 

Has Politeness always been favorably regarded ? 

It has been conspicuous in the lives of many 
wise and eminent people. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 



io8 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER VII. 



JUSTICE. 



What is Justice? 

That quality that enables us to do precisely 
what is right by others. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Justice is a light that assists us in doing right. 

How is it dependent upon Purity? 

Purity of intention and of act is necessary to its 
existence. 

Does Love assist in the development of this virtue ? 

Love of others awakens Justice towards them, 
while a pure self respect, or love of self, that in- 



JUSTICE, 109 

spires us to be perfect in all things, is sure to de- 
velop Justice in our nature; and the love of right 
will lead us to respect the just claims of all 
people. 

What bad quality prevents us from beiDg just to others ? 

Selfishness. 

How shall we become just? 

By trying continually to be unselfish in our 
thoughts, words and acts, by thoughtful care for oth- 
ers' welfare, and by despising injustice in ourselves 
or others. 

Is Justice an important quality? 

It is the foundation of all law and order, in society, 
state and nation. 

How should Conscience act in regard to Justice? 

It should encourage Justice toward others in 
thought, word and act, and condemn instantly and 
always the slightest appearance of injustice in our- 
selves or others. 

What will assist Conscience to do this ? 

Reflection will aid it with all the knowledge and 
all the good emotions that the mind possesses. 



no PRACTICAL ETHICS, 

What is necessary to the perfect establishment of Justice in any or 
all things ? 

Will must act promptly and always in harmony 
with Conscience, compelling all thoughts, words and 
acts, to aid the success of Justice, and the overthrow 
of injustice. 

Has this virtue been always revered and admired? 

It has been considered one of the greatest virtues 
possible to man from the earliest ages. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 



HONESTY. in 



CHAPTER VIII. 



HONESTY. 



What does the term Honesty generally mean ? 

Fairness in dealing. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

What does this signify ? 

That Honesty is a light or help to the soul to- 
ward Purity. 

Is it also dependent upon Purity ? 

Purity of intention and act are both necessary to 
its existence. 

If you are not honest what will be said of you ? 

That you are deceitful, a swindler, a cheat 01 
knave. 



ii2 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

When are we dishonest in thought ? 

When we covet what belongs to others, and plan 
to cheat them. 

When are we dishonest in word ? 

When we say that which will deceive. 

When are we dishonest in act ? 

When we cheat or steal. 

What bad qualities are we to overcome and despise if we wish to 
be honest ? 

Deceitfulness, covetousness, selfishness and envy. 

What will enable us to do this ? 

Conscience, Reflection and Will. 

How must Conscience act? 

It must approve and cherish Honesty in thought, 
word and deed, and despise and condemn all inch- 
nation toward dishonesty. 

What must assist Conscience ? 

Reflection must give it all the light or knowledge 
that comes to the mind. 

How must Will assist ? 

Will must co-operate with Conscience continually, 



HONESTY. 113 



compelling every thought, word and act, to perfect 
Honesty, 

Has Honesty always been considered a noble virtue ? 

Wise and good people have always honored and 
revered it. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 
8 



ii4 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER IX, 



TRUTH. 
What is Truth ? 

Exactness; Purity from falsehood. 

How is Truth represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Truth is one of the most necessary guides or 
sources of light that the soul can possess. 

Why is it dependent upon Purity ? 

Purity of intention and act is necessary to all in- 
telligent expressions of Truth, while impurity of 
thought and act is in harmony with falsehood, anc 1 
generally makes use of it. 

How shall we be truthful in thought ? 

By trying always to think what is right and true 
in regard to persons, principles and things. 



TRUTH. 115 

If you do not try to be truthful in thought what will be the result ? 

The mind is left a prey to jealousy, suspicion, in- 
justice, and other bad qualities. 

How can you be truthful in word ? 

By saying only what is true. 

What will you be called if you say untrue things? 

A liar. 

Does it harm you to tell a lie ? 

It weakens our power to tell the Truth, and de- 
grades us in our own mind and in the estimation of 
others. 

How does it degrade you with others? 

People will not trust a liar. They look upon all 
he says with suspicion, and despise him. 

If you have acquired the habit of lying, how may you become truth- 
ful again ? 

By watching our words, and when we vary the 
least from the Truth, correcting our statement im- 
mediately. 

Suppose others laugh at your attempt to improve ? 

We must not heed them, but should hate lying 
the more as the cause of our trouble, and earnestly 
love the Truth. 



1 1 6 PR A CTICAL E THICS. 

How can you act a lie ? 

By living beyond our means, by trying to appear 
what we are not, or doing any thing else to deceive. 

What is the most disgraceful form of lying? 

Slander. 

What is slander ? 

It is speaking evil of another falsely. 

If we cannot help disliking another shall we speak evil of them? 

No. If we can not speak well of a person we 
should say nothing at all. 

If we know evil of another is it well to tell it? 

Not unless it is necessary to shield others from 
harm, and then we should feel sorrow that we must 
perform so unpleasant a duty. 

How is Truth dependent upon Love ? 

A pure Love, or respect for self, inspires us to be 
truthful; a desire to be loved and respected has the 
same effect, while a loving nature tends toward Pur- 
ity in all things. 

What other helps toward truthfulness have we ? 

Conscience should approve Truth in all things, 
and discourage and condemn as a disgraceful and 
wicked habit, all forms of deceit and lying. 



TRUTH. 117 



What will enable Conscience thus to act ? 

Reflection will enlighten Conscience with a knowl- 
edged of the beauty, grace, and nobility of a truth- 
ful spirit, and the deformity and wickedness of 
falsehood. 

What besides Reflection and Conscience is necessary ? 

The Will must be in harmony with Conscience, 
and. it must act with prompt vigilance, to check every 
impulse toward untruth in thought, word and act. 

Has Truth been long considered an important virtue ? 

It has been held in the highest esteem by the wise 
and good at all times, in all countries. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation, 



n3 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER X. 



MAGNANIMITY. 



What is Magnanimity? 

Nobleness of soul. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Purity. 

What does this signify ? 

That Magnanimity is a light or guide to the soul 
in attaining Purity. 

How is it dependent upon Purity? 

It is only the purest of thought that is capable of 
magnanimous emotions and acts. 

To what is the terra generally applied ? 

To generous emotions toward those who have 
injured us. 



MAGNANIMITY. 119 



If a person ridicules or otherwise attacks or injures you, how may 
you exercise Magnanimity? 

By being as kind to him at the first opportunity 
as though he deserved it. 

Why is it right to be magnanimous ? 

It makes us nobler, and encourages our enemy to 
become better. 

How is Magnanimity dependent upon Love? 

A true regard for ourselves, a desire for the admi- 
ration and Love of others, a Love for what is right 
and noble, and a pure, unselfish affection for others, 
inspire us to develop this noble virtue. 

How should Conscience assist us ? 

It should see and approve the beauty and glory 
of a magnanimous spirit and condemn and discour- 
age a narrow, revengeful disposition. 

What will enable Conscience to do this ? 

Reflection will disclose to it the necessity, use, 
and beauty, of the virtue of Magnanimity, and 
the great loss and insecurity of the soul that allows 
revenge, indifference, and distrust, to take its place. 

What is necessary to the cultivation of Magnanimity ? 

The Will must act in harmony with Conscience, 



120 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

promptly and generously putting into practice all 
noble emotions toward enemies or others. 

How has this virtue been regarded in the past? 

Wise and good people have always admired and 
revered it as a great and noble virtue. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



PftSdtfidSit i$¥Sid& 



DIVISION V. 



FIDELITY— SELF-RESPECT— CONJUGAL VOWS- 
PARENTAL LOVE— FILIAL LOVE-FRATERNAL 
LOVE— FRIEDNSHIP— PATRIOTISM— PHI- 
LANTHROPY— DUTY. 



©ivigiotf v, 



CHAPTER I. 



FIDELITY. 

What is Fidelity? 

Exact observance of duty ; faithfulness. 

How is Fidelity represented upon the Chart? 

By a large star. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Because Fidelity is a great inspiration, light, or 
guide to the soul. 

From what does Fidelity receive its light or inspiration ? 

From Love. 

Explain this ? 

Fidelity is always exercised toward an object or 



124 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

person that we love, or because it is right and we 
love principle, or from a regard for ourselves. 

What are the principal divisions of Fidelity? 

SELF-RESPECT. 
CONJUGAL VOWS. 
PARENTAL LOVE. 
FILIAL LOVE. 
FRATERNAL LOVE. 
FRIENDSHIP. 
PATRIOTISM. 
PHILANTHROPY. 
DUTY. 

How should Conscience regard Fidelity ? 

It should approve and encourage us to be faithful 
in thought, word and act, and should discourage and 
deplore the least inclination to infidelity toward 
people, principles, or things that have a right to our 
adherence. 

What will enable Conscience to thus act? 

Reflection will enlighten it with knowledge of the 
true and false. 



FIDELITY. 125 

Is any o!her faculty necessary to the cultivation of Fidelity? 

Will must promptly and continually act in har- 
mony with Conscience, firmly determined to uproot 
and cast out forever all tendency to unfaithfulness. 

Is Fidelity dependent upon Industry? 

Providing for and ministering to ourselves or 
others requires Industry. 

Is Hope also necessary ? 

We could not be faithful, especially under difficul- 
ties, without the Hope of better conditions, or ai> 
least the Hope of the approval of good people, of 
Conscience, or of God. 

Is Fidelity dependent upon Purity? 

It is. No impure person is faithful to self, to 
friends, to duty, to country, or to God. 

What does this apparent relation of the virtues prove? 

That they are reciprocal and harmonious. 

What does this mean ? 

That the cultivation of one virtue awakens and 
strengthens the others. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



I 



126 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER II. 



SELF-RESPECT. 
What is Self-Respect? 

* A pure love and reverence for our own being. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

Why is it thus represented ? 

Self-Respect is a light or inspiration that is of 
great assistance in the cultivation of all the good 
qualities, and in the overthrow of all evil tendencies. 

How is it dependent upon Fidelity? 

It is impossible to respect ourselves if we are un- 
faithful to any trust. 

Is Self-Respect dependent upon Love ? 

It could not exist without love of self, while the 
knowledge that we are beloved, or that we love 



SELF-RESPE CT. 127 

others, inspires and cherishes a high and noble 
regard for our own spirit. 

Will a person who truly loves self, be bad, selfish and cruel? 

No. He will try continually to be good, to do 
good, and to think only good thoughts. 

True Self-Respect then has what effect? 

It causes a person to develop all good qualities, 
and to shun all bad ones. 

What faculties must be used in the cultivation of Self-Respect ? 

Conscience, Reflection, and Will. 

How should Conscience act ? 

It should see and announce what is right in minor 
matters as well as in great. It should cherish Purity, 
Industry, Fidelity, Hope, and all other good qual- 
ities or emotions possible to the soul, and should 
condemn and despise all inclination to evil thoughts, 
words and acts. 

What will enable it thus to act ? 

Reflection, will accumulate for its use all light or 
knowledge it receives from whatever source. 

How must Will assist the growth of Self-Respect ? 

It must promptly and continually strive to compel 
the thoughts and acts to harmonize with Conscience. 



128 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Why is Self-Respect necessary to us ? 

It facilitates our prosperity, development and hap- 
piness, and establishes us in the love and respect of 
others. 

How is this virtue regarded by wise and good people ? 

It constitutes an important element in the charac- 
ter of the great and good of all ages, and has by 
them been considered a necessary and noble attri- 
bute. 

Give Examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



CONJUGAL VOWS. 129 



CHAPTER III. 



CONJUGAL VOWS. 



What are Conjugal Vows ? 

They are the promises that a man and woman 
make to each other when they are married. 

How are they represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify ? 

That Fidelity to Conjugal Yows is one of the 
necessary guides or sources of light in the cultiva- 
tion of the moral nature. 

Are Conjugal Vows dependent upon Fidelity ? 

The purity and permanence of the Conjugal Vows 
depend upon the Fidelity of the parties to each 
other, and to duty. 

9 



i 3 o PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is it wrong to be false to the Conjugal Vows ? 

It is one of the worst and most disgraceful sins. 

Why are the Conjugal Vows held more sacred than all others? 

The marriage relation is the most important a 
person can assures. 

What is the most necessary element in marriage ? 

Love. 

Are married people who truly love likely to prove false to each 
other? 

They are not. 

Should people marry upon short acquaintance ? 

No. They should take time to understand each 
other and be sure that they love. 

How can you tell Love from a false sentiment toward others? 

False sentiment fills the mind with unworthy, sel- 
fish, and impure thoughts that we would be ashamed 
to have known. 

How does Love affect us ? 

It inspires us to be noble aud pure and makes us 
wish our loved one to be worthy in all respects. 

Is Love all that is necessary to a harmonious marriage ? 

All the good qualities are necessary, but Love 
awakens and strengthens all these. 



CONJUGAL VOWS. 131 

Suppose a wife says she loves her husband, and yet is idle, slovenly, 
or cross, is she faithful to him ? 

She is not. 

If a man is a drunkard, is he faithful to his wife? 

He is not. lie degrades himself and becomes a 
disgrace and an affliction to her. 

Is a fault-finding, discontented, man or woman, faithful to Conjugal 
Vows ? 

They are not. They should be peaceful, patient, 
cheerful, and polite. 

If a man has all other good qualities and does not provide for his 
family, is he faithful? 

He is not. 

What then is necessary to harmony in the married relation? 

Both the husband and wife should be pure and 
gentle, in word, act, appearance, and habit. They 
should also be cheerful, industrious, economical, and 
loving. 

If people would properly prepare themselves for a well ordered 
home-life, what is necessary? 

Careful cultivation of every good quality known 
to the moral nature of humanity. 

Is it as easy to cultivate the good qualities at one time of life as at 
another? 

It is not. We should begin early in life, to be 
successful. 



i 3 2 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What faculties must be continually active to enable us to be faithful 
to Conjugal Vows? 

Conscience, Reflection, and Will. 

How should Conscience act? 

It should approve and cherish all things that pro- 
mote the comfort, improvement, and happiness of 
our companion, and condemn and despise all inhar- 
monious thoughts, words, and acts. 

What will enable Conscience to do this? ■ 

Reflection will enlighten it with the meaning of 
its sacred obligation and the necessity of keeping it 
inviolate, and will cause it to see the evil that must 
befall self, family, society, and country, from infidel- 
ity to such sacred and important vows. 

What besides Conscience and Reflection is necessary to keep peo- 
ple true to Conjugal Vows? 

The Will must determine firmly, from first to last, 
to be true in thought, word, and act, through all 
trials, to the sacred promise made. 

Is Fidelity to Conjugal Vows generally considered a necessary and 
noble virtue? 

It is by all pure and noble people. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



PARENTAL LOVE. 133 



CHAPTER IV. 



PARENTAL LOVE. 



What is Parental Love ? 

It is the tender emotion that fathers and mothers 
have for their children. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify ? 

That Parental Love is a necessary light or guide 
to a parent in the performance of duty toward a child. 

How will a wise parent prove his love for his child ? 

By carefully training it to develop all good traits, 
and helping it to overcome all had habits. 

Can a drunken parent be faithful to a child ? 

No. He brings disgrace and sorrow upon it and 
is an unfit example and teacher. 



i 3 4 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Is an impatient, fault-finding parent faithful to a child ? 

No. He awakens angry feeling and revenge in 
the child's heart. 

Can a parent be too kind and generous to a child ? 

He may be too generous toward its faults, and 
thus ruin it through lack of discipline. 

What are the best gifts that parents can bestow upon a child ? 

A pure, loving, faithful, hopeful, heart, and in- 
dustrious habits. 

Can parents really bestow these great gifts ? 

They can, by early, patient, and persistent train- 
ing. 

What knowledge is necessary to the child that he may be success- 
fully trained ? 

He must understand and feel that his parents 
truly love him, and seek only his highest good and 
purest happiness. 

What is the purest, noblest, and best help in the training of a child? 

A disposition to refer its thoughts to God in pray- 
er and praise. 

When can this be more easily fixed in the mind and habits ? 

In the early years of life. 



PARENTAL LOVE. 135 

What faculties must parents exercise to be faithful to parental ties? 

Conscience, Reflection, and Will. 

How must Conscience act? 

It must see and announce the right method of 
training a child, and the parent's whole duty toward 
it; and must condemn all injustice, carelessness, 
cruelty, and everything else that will harm either 
body or soul 

What will aid Conscience ? 

Reflection will disclose to it all light or knowledge 
that the soul possesses in reference to the nature of 
the child, and the help that it needs. 

What else must aid the parent ? 

Will must curb, direct, instruct, and mould the 
child according to the dictates of an enlightened 
Conscience. 

How is Fidelity to Parental Love generally regarded? 

As a natural and noble virtue, and the absence of 
it is considered inhuman and wicked in the extreme. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



i 3 6 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER V. 



FILIAL LOVE. 

What is Filial Love ? 

Love for parents. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify? 

That Filial Love is a light or inspiration to aid 
the soul in the development of Fidelity. 

Is Filial Love dependent upon Fidelity? 

Filial Love implies being faithful to parents, and 
could not exist without Fidelity. 

How shall we be faithful to Filial Love ? 

By being gentle, loving, and obedient. 



FILIAL XOVE. 137 



Should you obey and honor your parents in all things? 

In all things that are right. 

If a parent desires you to steal, lie, or swear, or do anything else 
that you know to be wrong, ought you to do it? 

We must never do anything that we know to be 
wrong. 

Are you unfaithful to a parent when you will not do wrong at his 
bidding? 

We are not. It is only by being pure and upright 
in all things that we can truly honor a parent. 

If you are cross and idle are you faithful to parents? 

We are not. We should be peaceable, polite, and 
industrious. 

If you are dishonest are you faithful to them? 

We are not. We should be honest, faithful, and 
just. 

What else is necessary to true Fidelity to parents? 

Purity in all things, cheerfulness, and continual 
improvement. 

What will direct us to the intelligent exercise of Filial Love ? 

Conscience, Reflection, and Will. 

How should Conscience act? 

It should see and announce our duty, in regard to 



138 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

parents, in small things and in great, and encourage 
us to do it; and should condemn and discourage all 
unfilial thoughts, words, and acts. 

What will assist Conscience in this? 

Reflection will enlighten it with all the knowledge 
that comes to the soul. 

How should Will aid Filial affection ? 

It should resolutely determine that a tender defer- 
ence shall be cultivated toward parents however 
unworthy they may be, and however impossible it 
may be to heed their requirements; while all reas- 
onable and proper wishes should be granted. 

How is Filial Love regarded by the wise and good? 

As a natural, praise-worthy, and noble virtue. 

How is the lack of it considered ? 

As a revolting and disgraceful trait. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



FRATERNAL LOVE. t 39 



CHAPTER VI. 



FRATERNAL LOVE. 
What is Fraternal Love ? 

Love of brothers and sisters. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify? 

That Fraternal Love is a necessary light or inspi- 
ration to the full development of Fidelity in the 
soul. 

Is this virtue dependent upon Fidelity ? 

It is. People cannot be truly faithful who lack 
Fidelity to brothers and sisters. 

How can we be faithful to brothers and sisters ? 

By cheerful, loving, just, polite, and peaceable 
behavior toward them. 



i 4 o PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

If we are impure in word, or act, are we faithful to them ? 

No; we influence them to evil, and degrade them 
in the estimation of others. 

If we are idle, are we faithful to brothers and sisters? 

No. We injure them by our example, and it is 
our duty to acquire industrious habits that we may 
never become a burden to them, but may be able to 
help them if they fall into adversity. 

What faculties will a ; d us in the cultivation of Fraternal Love ? 

Conscience, Reflection, and Will. 

How should Conscience assist? 

It should see and announce our duty in all things 
concerning the Fraternal relation, and should con- 
demn all unbrotherly and un sisterly conduct. 

What will enable Conscience to act intelligently? 

Reflection will disclose to it all the light or knowl- 
edge that the soul possesses to guide its vision and 
judgment. 

What should Will do to sustain Fraternal Love? 

It should promptly heed the commands of Con- 
science, and compel the affections, thoughts, and 
acts, to do its bidding. 



FRATERNAL LOVE. 141 

What is the general opinion of civilized people in regard to Frater- 
nal Love? 

That it is a natural, necessary, and noble virtue; 
and that to be deficient in this respect, is disgraceful 
and unworthy of sensible people. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biograpny, Observation, 



i 4 2 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER VII. 



FRIENDSHIP. 

What is Friendship? 

Fidelity to friends. 

How is it represented upon the Chart? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

How is Friendship dependent upon Fidelity? 

Faithfulness to another is what constitutes Friend- 
ship, therefore it could not exist without Fidelity. 

Is Friendship also dependent upon Love ? 

It is. Friendliness, as well as all other kindly feel- 
ings, are an outgrowth of Love. 

Is that person your friend who teaches you bad habits, or encourages 
you to do wrong ? 

He is not. 



FRIENDSHIP. 143 

But suppose he says that he is your friend ? 

We must not believe him. 

What is a true friend ? 

One who rejoices in our Purity, prosperity and 
happiness, and who gladly hastens to help us and 
sympathize with us in trouble and adversity. 

How will a friend regard your bad qualities? 

He will grieve over them, and help us to overcome 
them. 

How will a friend regard your good qualities ? 

He will encourage them, and love to think ^ind 
speak of them. 

How should Conscience act toward Fnendsnip? 

It should approve and cherish Friendship for good 
people, and condemn and discourage us from confid- 
ing in the wicked and false; and should also help us 
to see the wickedness of being untrue to a 
friend. 

What will enable Conscience to act thus ? 

Reflection will furnish it light or knowledge that 
it may be able to distinguish the true from the false, 
and see what is our duty toward all. 



144 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What besides Conscience and Reflection is necessary to guide us 
aright in cultivating Friendship? 

WilJ must act promptly, and constantly, in harmony 
with Conscience to enable us to be faithful, just, and 
discriminating toward all people, and especially 
affectionate and loyal to our friends as we would 
have them be to us. 

If you betray or neglect a person who has been a true friend to you, 
how will good people regard you? 

As untrustworthy, mean, and contemptible. 

Are there many instances in the history of the past of Fidelity to 
friends ? 

There are. 
Give Examples from Poetry, Biograpbv, Observation. 



PATRIOTISM. 145 



CHAPTER VIII, 



PATRIOTISM, 



What is Patriotism ? 

Fidelity to country. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify? 

That Patriotism is a light, help, or inspiration to 
the soul in the development of the. moral nature. 

Why does it depend upon Fidelity ? 

Patriotism consists in faithful thoughts, words, 
and deeds toward our country. 

What do you call a person who has this quality of Patriotism ? 

A Patriot. 
10 



146 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

Who are Patriots? 

Those who sacrifice their comfort, happiness, or 
life for the good of country. 

Who are the most patriotic of all? 

Those who risk their lives on the battlefield, or 
elsewhere, for their country's welfare. 

Must a man be a soldier to be a Patriot? 

He may be a soldier, or civilian, a statesman, a 
poet, an artist, a writer, a teacher; or follow 
almost any calling. 

When is a soldier a Patriot? 

When he is devoted to the defense of his country. 

Suppose he is idle, worthless, and cowardly ? 

He is unfaithful and not patriotic* 

When is a scientist a Patriot? 

When he patiently toils and studies to discover 
or invent something for the benefit of his country. 

When is a statesman a Patriot? 

A true statesman is always a Patriot, because he 
devotes his talent and energy to the good of his 
country. 






PATRIOTISM. 147 



If a man is an officer or servant of the Government, and sacrifices 
the country's welfare to his own selfish purposes, is he a Patriot? 

He is not. 

What should he be considered ? 

A traitor to his country. 

What do you mean by this ? 

A traitor to his country, is one who betrays it to 
an enenry, or is false to its best interest in any way. 

How can a writer or speaker be a Patriot? 

By writing or speaking that which inspires the 
people with love of country. 

How can an artist be a Patriot? 

By using his art to present to the people repre- 
sentations that will inspire them with Patriotism. 

How can a teacher be a Patriot ? 

B}' teaching the young to love their country and 
reverence its institutions. 

How can a child be patriotic? 

By striving to be pure in all things and active for 
good. 

How should every man and woman prove themselves patriotic? 

By voting and using their influence for good men 
and good measures, and against bad ones. 



PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



Is Patriotism dependent upon Love ? 

It is dependent upon love of self, of friends, of 
right, and of country. 

How should Conscience regard Patriotism? 

As a noble virtue that must be approved and 
cherished. 

How should it regard the lack of Patriotism ? 

It should condemn it as mean-spirited, treasona- 
ble, selfish, and wicked. 

What will enable Conscience to act thus . 

Reflection will bring to it light or knowledge of 
the necessity and nobility of Patriotism, and the 
ruin to family, society, and state, that flows from 
the lack of it. 

Is any other faculty necessary to the cultivation and exercise of 
Patriotism? 

The Will must act promptly to encourage and 
perfect all tendencies toward Patriotism, and to 
check and cast out all inclinations to grow careless 
of the country's welfare. 

How should we regard our Country ? 

As a home of which each individual is a mem- 
ber. 



PATRIOTISM. 149 

What is the special duty of each member of the great home called 
Our Country ? 

To add to its peace, prosperity, harmony, and 
happiness. 

Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



ISO PRACTICAL ETHICS. 



CHAPTER IX. 



PHILANTHROPY. 



What is Philanthropy? 

Fidelity to the helpless. 

How is it represented upon the Chart ? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify? 

That Philanthropy is one of the sources of light 
that helps the soul to cultivate Fidelity. 

How does Philanthropy depend upon Fidelity ? 

Generous emotions only become Philanthropy 
when we faithfully put them into practice. 



Is Philanthropy also dependent upon Love ? 
It 

Love 



It is. All kind feelings are an outgrowth of 



PHILANTHROPY. 151 

What is necessary to the development of Philanthropy in the heart? 

Cultivating kindly feelings toward all people, what- 
ever their appearance or condition. 

What is the most important element of Philanthropy? 

Benevolence. 

What do we mean by Benevolence ? 

Generosity of means and of sympathy. 

Suppose you lack generosity how do people regard you? 

As stingy, mean-spirited, cold hearted. 

What is the chief characteristic of true philanthropists ? 

An affectionate sympathy that regards all men 
and women as brothers and sisters, to whom they 
are bound by a tie that cannot be broken. 

What is the proper way to exercise Philanthropy? 

Adding to the comfort and happiness of the poor 
and suffering in our own neighborhood and country. 

If you have no money to give to the unfortunate can you be Philan- 
thropic? 

We can encourage and help them by kind and 
cheerful words. 

How should Conscience regard Philanthropy? 

As a noble virtue that should be approved and 
cherished. 



152 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

What should aid Conscience in this? 

Reflection should bring to it the light or knowl- 
edge of the beauty and nobility of Philanthropy, 
and the deformity and unholiness of an ungenerous, 
unsympathetic soul. 

What other faculty is necessary in the cultivation and exercise of 
Philanthropy ? 

The Will should determine to bring continually 
into intelligent action, all philanthropic emotion 
that Conscience announces as proper and right. 

How has Philanthropy been regarded by wise and good people? 

As a great and noble virtue. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation. 



DUTY. i53 



CHAPTER X. 



DUTY. 

What is Duty? 

Fidelity to right. 

How is it represented upon th<? Charf ? 

By a star in the constellation of Fidelity. 

What does this signify? 

That Duty is a source of light in the cultivation 
of our moral nature. 

Why is it dependent upon Fidelity? 

Discharging our Duty is being promptly faithful 
in that which we know to be right. 

If it is difficult to determine what is right, how shall we proceed? 

If we are obliged to act;, we must do that which 
seems to us to be right. 



154 PRACTICAL ETHICS. 

"What is necessary to enable U3 to understand our Duty ? 

A knowledge of all the other virtues, and the cul- 
tivation of the Will, by Conscience and Reflection. 

How should Conscience act ? 

It should see, announce, and approve the right, 
and condemn all tendencies to wrong. 

What should assist Conscience to do this ? 

Reflection should enlighten it with all the knowl- 
edge of good and evil that comes to the soul. 

What else is necessary ? 

The exercise of the Will in a determinatiun 10 
do what is right at all hazards. 

Who are the most faithful to Duty ? 

Those who sacrifice their lives for principle. 
Give examples from Poetry, Biography, Observation 




Humboldt College, 
Humboldt, Iowa, May 15, 1875. 
Mrs. M. Fletcher : 

Dear Madam : I have examined your " Practical Ethics," and 
find it well adapted to meet a want felt by all thoughtful pa- 
rents and teachers. It brings before the mind of the student, in 
an attractive and impressive manner, those cardinal moral prin- 
ciples which must be the foundation of every noble character. 
As a primary work I know of nothing else that pleases me as 
well. Assured that it will be a blessing wherever it is intro- 
duced, I am, Very truly yours, 

S. W. Taft, Pres. Humboldt College. 



Western College, Iowa, April 29, 1875. 
Mrs. Matilda Fletcher : 

Dear Madam: I have carefully examined your "Practical 
Ethics," and am much pleased with it. The arrangement is 
methodical and truth is made practical and plain. It is just 
what is needed by the young mind, and I am satisfied it will 
supply a want that is felt by many. 

Yours respectfully, 

E. B. Kephart, Pres. Western College. 



Simpson Centenary College, 

Indianola, Iowa, May 5, 1875. 
Mrs. Matilda Fletcher : 

Dear Madam: You will please accept my thanks for your 
"Practical Ethics," which I have read with much satisfaction 
and delight. I congratulate you on the work. Your treatment 
of the subject has the charm of novelty. Your catechetical ar- 
rangement renders almost impossible the involved and cumbrous 
style so repellent to ethical study. 

I hope that the work may meet with a generous reception, as 
I consider its principles in every respect healthful and promotive 
of the truest elevation of our country. 
Very respectfully, 

A. Burns, Pres. Simpson Centenary College. 



Agricultural College, 

Ames, Iowa, May 11, 1875. 
Mrs. Matilda Fletcher: 

Dear Madam: I have looked over your book with a great 
deal of interest. It has always been difficult to teach children 
the practical duties of life, except by example and actual prac- 
tice. Throughout my life I have felt the necessity of giving 



instruction in school on these important subjects. Tour book is 
a valuable addition to the means of accomplishing this desirable 
object. It is very systematic and suggestive. I wish it might 
be introduced into every school. 

Yours very truly, 
A. S. Welch, Pres. Iowa Agricultural College. 



Cornell College, 
Mt. Vernon, Iowa, April 23, 1875. 
Mrs. Matilda Fletcher : 

Dear Madam : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt 
of a copy of your " Practical Ethics." I am truly glad to receive 
from the pen of an Iowa woman so valuable and practical a book 
on this important subject. Your method of treatment brings the 
subject within easy range of the minds for which it is intended, 
and at the same time gives them a good opportunity to illustrate 
every topic from their own resources. I think it can be used 
with great advantage in the common schools, the Sabbath schools 
and the family. I trust it will find the sale it deserves. 
Wishing you continued success, I remain, yours truly, 

Wm. F. King, Pres. Cornell College. 



Commonwealth op Pennsylvania, 

Department op Common Schools, 

Harrisburg, April 21, 1875. 
Mrs. Matilda Fletcher: 

Dear Madam : Thanks for copy of your book. There is much 
in it I like, both in matter and method. As soon as I have time 
to prepare it, I will publish a short review of it in the Pennsyl- 
vania School Journal. 

Yours truly, 
J. P. "Wickersham, JSup't Pub. Instruction. 



State of Iowa, 
Department of Public Instruction, 
Des Moines, May 19, 1875. 
Mrs. Matilda Fletcher : 

Dear Madam: I have read your "Practical Ethics" with 
much interest and pleasure. Its style is simple, its teachings 
are practical, unsectarian, and admirably adapted to aid teachers 
and parents in the inculcation of moral lessons. 

I most cordially commend the work, and believe it will prove 
to be eminently useful. 

Yours very truly, 
Alonzo Abernethy, Sup't Pub. Instruction. 



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